Informal Child Adoption and Legal Uncertainty in Local Communities in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63077/vd1mns84Keywords:
Child adoption, Court appointment, Islamic law,, Social justice, Local communitiesAbstract
This study examines informal child adoption practices in Girian Permai Village, Bitung City, Indonesia, where children are adopted through family agreements without court approval as required by national law. Using a normative-empirical legal approach that combines statutory analysis, field observation, and semi-structured interviews with five foster parents and a local official, this research finds that low legal literacy, perceived high procedural costs, and the dominance of kinship-based customs contribute to the persistence of informal adoptions. Such practices create legal uncertainty for children, including the lack of formal recognition in family registries, inheritance rights, and access to administrative services such as health insurance and education. From an Islamic legal perspective, informal adoption raises concerns over lineage (nasab), guardianship, and inheritance, which may lead to long-term social and legal vulnerability. This study emphasizes the need for harmonizing formal law and local practices through community-based legal education, simplified court procedures, and collaboration with religious and traditional leaders to ensure child protection and social justice.
Studi ini mengkaji praktik adopsi anak informal di Desa Girian Permai, Kota Bitung, Indonesia, di mana anak-anak diadopsi melalui perjanjian keluarga tanpa persetujuan pengadilan sebagaimana disyaratkan oleh hukum nasional. Menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif-empiris yang menggabungkan analisis undang-undang, pengamatan lapangan, dan wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan lima orang tua asuh dan seorang pejabat setempat, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa literasi hukum yang rendah, biaya prosedural yang dirasakan tinggi, dan dominasi kebiasaan berbasis kekerabatan berkontribusi pada persistensi adopsi informal. Praktik semacam itu menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum bagi anak-anak, termasuk kurangnya pengakuan formal dalam pendaftaran keluarga, hak warisan, dan akses ke layanan administrasi seperti asuransi kesehatan dan pendidikan. Dari perspektif hukum Islam, adopsi informal menimbulkan kekhawatiran tentang garis keturunan (nasab), perwalian, dan warisan, yang dapat menyebabkan kerentanan sosial dan hukum jangka panjang. Studi ini menekankan perlunya harmonisasi hukum formal dan praktik lokal melalui pendidikan hukum berbasis masyarakat, prosedur pengadilan yang disederhanakan, dan kolaborasi dengan tokoh agama dan adat untuk memastikan perlindungan anak dan keadilan sosial.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Nadiah Azzahra Bachdlar, Frangky Suleman, Wira Purwadi, Firmansyah Pratama Alim (Author)

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